The Effects of Plant Growth Regulators, Carbohydrate Substrates and Photoperiod on Shoot, Root and Callus Induction from Rhizome Shoot Bud Explants of 'Bentong' Ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe)
Keywords:
Callus, Carbohydrates, Ginger, Photoperiod, Plant Growth Regulators, Zingiber officinaleAbstract
Zingiber officinale Roscoe from Bentong, also known as the ‘Bentong’ ginger, is a premium Malaysian-grown ginger recognised for its distinctive aroma, strong pungency, and elevated levels of 6-gingerol and 6-shogaol. In vitro platforms such as callus and cell suspension cultures represent a promising approach for the production of novel secondary metabolites from this valuable crop. This study aims to assess the effects of plant growth regulators, carbohydrate substrates and photoperiod in the induction of friable callus from rhizome bud explants of Z. officinale Roscoe from Bentong for subsequent studies on the establishment of cell suspension cultures. Explants were subjected to surface sterilisation and cultured in treatments of 2,4-D and kinetin, different carbohydrate substrates and photoperiods. Results in this study indicated that treatment with 2.5 mg/L 2,4-D resulted in 93.33% callus induction and 0.257 ± 0.06 g fresh weight, whereas treatment with 2.0 mg/L kinetin resulted in 85.71% callus formation, with 0.106 ± 0.02 g callus fresh weight. Both treatments of 2,4-D and kinetin produced yellowish white friable callus. The concentration of 30 g/L sucrose was considered the optimal carbohydrate level for callus induction in rhizome bud explants of ‘Bentong’ ginger. Additionally, explants cultured under continuous dark conditions achieved the highest percentage of callus induction (70.0%) with the highest callus fresh weight (0.270 ± 0.07 g). This study successfully induced friable callus from rhizome bud explants of ‘Bentong’ ginger (Z. officinale Roscoe), providing a suitable foundation for subsequent callus and cell suspension culture studies aimed at producing valuable secondary metabolites from this ginger cultivar.
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