Comparative Impact of Drying Techniques on Physicochemical, Proximate Compositions, and Antioxidant Properties of Roselle Calyces (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) for Sustainable Agriculture
Keywords:
roselle, food dehydrator, freeze drying, oven drying, physicochemicalAbstract
This study evaluated the impact of different drying methods, freeze drying (-120°C), food dehydrator (65°C), and oven drying (65°C) on the quality of roselle calyces to extend their shelf life and availability, considering implications for sustainable agriculture. Key quality parameters assessed included physicochemical properties, proximate composition, and antioxidant activity. Freeze drying produced the highest quality results, closely resembling fresh roselle in several aspects. The colour analysis showed freeze-dried samples had the highest chroma values with L* (35.97), a* (31.86), and b* (17.3), indicating vibrant colour retention. The pH of freeze-dried roselle was the lowest at 2.74, indicating a desirable balance of acidity. In terms of proximate analysis, freeze-dried roselle had the lowest moisture content (7.55%) among dried samples, which is crucial for extended shelf life. It also had the highest ash content (8.06%), protein content (11.06%), and crude fat content (2.51%), highlighting its superior nutrient retention compared to other drying methods. Oven-dried roselle showed higher ash (8.69%) and fat (1.44%) contents but had a lower moisture content (6.36%) than dehydrator-dried roselle, which had the highest moisture content (8.30%) and the lowest ash (5.75%) and protein (5.86%) contents. Antioxidant analysis revealed that freeze drying preserved the highest levels of antioxidant activity (14.22% RSA), total phenolic content (12.3 mg GAE/mL), total flavonoid content (44.9 mg QE/mL), and ascorbic acid content (22.267 mg/100 g). These findings highlight the effectiveness of freeze-drying in maintaining the bioactive compounds and overall nutritional quality, which is crucial for sustainability agriculture practices aimed at preserving crop value and extending product availability.
Downloads
Metrics
References
Amoasah, B., Appiah, F. & Kumah, P. 2018. Effects of different drying methods on proximate composition of three accessions of roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa) calyces. International Journal of Plant & Soil Science, 21(1): 1-8. DOI: https://doi.org/10.9734/IJPSS/2018/38550
Anh-Dao, L.-T., Minh-Huy, D., Bui-Phuc, T., Nhut-Truong, N., Tu-Chi, T., Thi-Hoa, L., Diem-My, H.-L., Thanh-Nho, N. & Cong-Hau, N. 2024. Determination of caffeine, chlorogenic acid, total phenolic contents, and antioxidant capacities for Arabica and Robusta coffee from Vietnam. Analytical Letters, 1-15. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/00032719.2024.2304126
AOAC International. 2016. Appendix F: Guidelines for standard method performance requirements. AOAC Official Methods of Analysis, 9th Ed.
Arslan, D. & Özcan, M.M. 2012. Evaluation of drying methods with respect to drying kinetics, mineral content, and color characteristics of savory leaves. Food and Bioprocess Technology, 5(3): 983-991. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11947-010-0498-y
Banwo, K., Sanni, A., Sarkar, D., Ale, O. & Shetty, K. 2022. Phenolics-linked antioxidant and anti-hyperglycemic properties of edible roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa Linn.) calyces targeting type 2 diabetes nutraceutical benefits in vitro. Frontiers in Sustainable Food Systems, 6: 660831. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fsufs.2022.660831
Dadi, D.W., Emire, S.A. & Hagos, A.D. 2018. Influences of different drying methods and extraction solvents on total phenolic and flavonoids, and antioxidant capacity of Moringa stenopetala leaves. Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, 7(1): 962-967.
Djaeni, M., Kumoro, A.C., Sasongko, S.B. & Utari, F.D. 2018. Drying rate and product quality evaluation of roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) calyces extract dried with foaming agent under different temperatures. International Journal of Food Science, 2018: 1-8. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/9243549
Gat, Y. & Gawande, P. 2024. Freeze-drying effect on nutrients and their stability. In: Freeze Drying of Food Products. Wiley, New Jersey. pp. 179-201. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/9781119982098.ch7
Ibrahim, R. & Mazuki, N.A.F. 2013. The quality of roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) juices made from roselle calyces stored at different cold temperatures. Malaysian Applied Biology, 42(1): 67-71.
Kolawole, F.L., Alonge, T.A., Akeem, S.A. & Sanni-Olayiwola, H.O. 2024. Influence of trona (sodium sesquicarbonate) concentrations and storage period on the physicochemical properties, antinutrients, micronutrients and sensory qualities of dried okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L.) powder. Journal of Stored Products Research, 106: 102311. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jspr.2024.102311
Kumar, G., Joshi, T.J., Rao, P.S. & Manchikanti, P. 2023. Effect of thin layer drying conditions on the retention of bioactive components in Malabar spinach (Basella alba) leaves. Food Chemistry Advances, 3: 100419. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.focha.2023.100419
Kumar, R., Bhatt, D.A., Ghalot, D.M., Kumar, D.R. & Kumar, D.H. 2024. The antimicrobial and antioxidant activity of different extracts of Kalmegh, Andrographis paniculata (Burm.f.) Nees. International Journal of Advanced Biochemistry Research, 8(1S): 156-160. DOI: https://doi.org/10.33545/26174693.2024.v8.i1Sc.349
Langyan, S., Yadava, P., Khan, F.N., Dar, Z.A., Singh, R. & Kumar, A. 2022. Sustaining protein nutrition through plant-based foods. Frontiers in Nutrition, 8: 772573. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fnut.2021.772573
Lema, A.A., Nor, H.M., Kandaker, M.M., Nur, F.H.N. & Dogara, A.M. 2022. The effects of various drying techniques on physicochemical and nutritional qualities of (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) roselle calyx. Plant Science Today. DOI: https://doi.org/10.14719/pst.1796
Mabai, P., Omolola, A. & Jideani, A.I.O. 2018. Effect of drying on quality and sensory attributes of lemongrass (Cymbopogon citratus) tea. Journal of Food Research, 7(2): 68. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5539/jfr.v7n2p68
Mahunu, G.K., Tahir, H.E., Osei-Kwarteng, M., Mariod, A.A. & Gweyi-Onyango, J.P. 2021. Food use of whole and extracts of Hibiscus sabdariffa. In: Roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa). Elsevier, Amsterdam. pp. 123-136. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-822100-6.00009-4
Millinia, B.L., Mashithah, D., Nawatila, R. & Kartini, K. 2024. Microencapsulation of roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) anthocyanins: Effects of maltodextrin and trehalose matrix on selected physicochemical properties and antioxidant activities of spray-dried powder. Future Foods, 9: 100300. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fufo.2024.100300
Nainggolan, E.A., Banout, J. & Urbanova, K. 2024. Recent trends in the pre-drying, drying, and post-drying processes for cassava tuber: A review. Foods, 13(11): 1778. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/foods13111778
Nguyen, Q.V. & Chuyen, H.V. 2020. Processing of herbal tea from roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.): Effects of drying temperature and brewing conditions on total soluble solid, phenolic content, antioxidant capacity and sensory quality. Beverages, 6(1): 2. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/beverages6010002
Ozcelik, M.M. 2024. Optimization of high-phenolic European cranberrybush juice powder production using hybrid microwave hot air-drying: a novel approach for enhanced preservation and efficiency in food processing. Journal of Food Measurement and Characterization, 18(6): 4703-4717. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11694-024-02525-7
Rabeta, M.S. & Vithyia, M. 2013. Effect of different drying methods on the antioxidant properties of Vitex negundo Linn. tea. International Food Research Journal, 20(6): 3171-3176.
Roslan, A.S., Ismail, A., Ando, Y. & Azlan, A. 2020. Effect of drying methods and parameters on the antioxidant properties of tea (Camellia sinensis) leaves. Food Production, Processing and Nutrition, 2(1): 8. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s43014-020-00022-0
Samoticha, J., Wojdyło, A. & Lech, K. 2016. The influence of different drying methods on chemical composition and antioxidant activity in chokeberries. LWT - Food Science and Technology, 66: 484-489. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lwt.2015.10.073
Vera Zambrano, M., Dutta, B., Mercer, D.G., MacLean, H.L. & Touchie, M.F. 2019. Assessment of moisture content measurement methods of dried food products in small-scale operations in developing countries: A review. Trends in Food Science & Technology, 88: 484-496. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tifs.2019.04.006
Wang, D., Xiao, H., Lyu, X., Chen, H. & Wei, F. 2023. Lipid oxidation in food science and nutritional health: A comprehensive review. Oil Crop Science, 8(1): 35-44. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ocsci.2023.02.002
Yusni, Y. & Meutia, F. 2020. Action mechanism of Rosella (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) used to treat metabolic syndrome in elderly women. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 2020: 1-6. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/5351318
Zargarchi, S., Hornbacher, J., Afifi, S.M., Saremnezhad, S., Günal-Köroğlu, D., Capanoglu, E. & Esatbeyoglu, T. 2024. Exploring the impact of cold plasma treatment on the antioxidant capacity, ascorbic acid, phenolic profile, and bioaccessibility of fruits and fruit juices. Food Frontiers, 5(3): 1108-1125. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/fft2.372
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
Any reproduction of figures, tables and illustrations must obtain written permission from the Chief Editor (wicki@ukm.edu.my). No part of the journal may be reproduced without the editor’s permission
