Discovery of Aeromonas hydrophila in sea surface microlayer at Pulau Tenggol, Terengganu
Keywords:
Aeromonas hydrophila, pathogen, sea surface microlayer, virulence factorAbstract
Aeromonas hydrophila is a formidable opportunistic pathogen that represents a significant threat to both aquatic organisms and human health. Its presence in the sea surface microlayer (SML) poses a potential risk to marine fauna, local communities, and visitors. To date, research on the abundance of bacterioneuston, particularly A. hydrophila, within the SML remains limited, as studies in Malaysia have primarily focused on physicochemical parameters and surfactant concentrations. This study was conducted to identify and characterize A. hydrophila isolated from the SML at Pulau Tenggol, Terengganu. The two A. hydrophila isolates identified demonstrated notable pathogenic potential, as evidenced by positive reactions in all virulence factor tests and strong biofilm-forming capabilities. Alarmingly, they were found to be susceptible only to chloramphenicol, raising concerns about antibiotic resistance. A. hydrophila is naturally found in seawater; therefore, the relatively low abundance observed in this study does not constitute an immediate public health concern, as at low concentrations it is generally regarded as posing minimal risk to healthy populations. However, even low levels of A. hydrophila in water can still cause disease, particularly in immunocompromised individuals. Therefore, the pathogenic potential of the detected strains, coupled with the likelihood of bacterial contamination, highlights the importance of regular monitoring and stringent quality control measures for the SML to mitigate potential risks to the ecosystem and human health.
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